{"id":304,"date":"2026-09-06T01:23:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T17:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ziliaochi.cn\/index.php\/2026\/09\/06\/interview-distributed-systems-25q\/"},"modified":"2026-09-06T01:23:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T17:23:35","slug":"interview-distributed-systems-25q","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ziliaochi.cn\/index.php\/2026\/09\/06\/interview-distributed-systems-25q\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf 25 \u95ee\uff1aCAP\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u9009\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/span>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9762\u8bd5\u3001CAP \u5b9a\u7406\u3001Raft\u3001TCC\u3001SAGA\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u3001\u5e42\u7b49<\/div>\n
\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \u4e00\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u77f3\uff086 \u95ee\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u4e8c\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff088 \u95ee\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u4e09\u3001\u5e42\u7b49\u4e0e\u9501\uff087 \u95ee\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u56db\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff085 \u95ee\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u70b9\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u4f60\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u300c\u7406\u8bba\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u59a5\u534f\u300d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed9\u51fa\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd 25 \u95ee\u8986\u76d6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u5e42\u7b49\u4e0e\u9501\u56db\u4e2a\u677f\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u95ee\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u9898\u9aa8\u67b6\u4e0e\u52a0\u5206\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u77f3\uff086 \u95ee\uff09<\/h2>\n

    1. \u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u6e05 CAP\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/h3>\n

    \u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5\uff1aP \u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u9009\u9879\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5206\u533a\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u300d\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u8d39\/\u5e93\u5b58\u9009 CP\uff08\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4 feed \u9009 AP\uff08\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u5206\u70b9\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u53d6 CP\/AP\u3002<\/p>\n

    2. BASE \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e0e ACID \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u8f6f\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014AP \u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u300c\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u6362\u6210\u300c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u6536\u655b\u65f6\u95f4\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u7ebf\u6027\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u7ebf\u6027\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5168\u5e8f\u4e14\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b9e\u65f6\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u6700\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u9ad8\uff09\uff1b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5404\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u3002Redis \u4e3b\u4ece\u3001ETCD \u7684\u8bfb\u8bed\u4e49\u5dee\u5f02\u5e38\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u8ffd\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

    4. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8bfb\u5df1\u4e4b\u5199\u4e0e\u5355\u8c03\u8bfb\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u8bfb\u5df1\u4e4b\u5199\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u5165\u540e\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9ecf\u4f4f\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\/\u8bfb\u4f60\u521a\u5199\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff1b\u5355\u8c03\u8bfb\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u300c\u8bfb\u56de\u9000\u300d\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u56fa\u5b9a\u526f\u672c\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f AP \u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

    5. Quorum \u600e\u4e48\u63a8\u5bfc\uff1fW+R>N \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    N \u526f\u672c\u3001\u5199 W \u4efd\u3001\u8bfb R \u4efd\uff0cW+R>N \u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bfb\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u8bfb\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u3002\u52a0\u5206\u70b9\uff1aN=3, W=2, R=2 \u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bed\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

    6. Raft \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u4e09\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\uff08\u4efb\u671f + \u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u6295\u7968\uff09\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff08Leader \u8ffd\u52a0\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u786e\u8ba4\u624d\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u7279\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff09\u3002\u80fd\u753b\u56fe\u8bb2\u6e05\u300c\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fb9\u754c\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6ee1\u5206\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u65b9\u6848\u600e\u4e48\u9009\"
    <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff088 \u95ee\uff09<\/h2>\n

    7. 2PC \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0e\u81f4\u547d\u7f3a\u9677\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u51c6\u5907\uff08\u9501\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u6295\u7968\uff09+ \u63d0\u4ea4\/\u56de\u6eda\u3002\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u5355\u70b9\uff08\u5b83\u6302\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u9501\u6b7b\uff09\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u9002\u5408\u77ed\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

    8. 3PC \u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u52a0 CanCommit \u9636\u6bb5\u4e0e\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u963b\u585e\uff1b\u4f46\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u4e0b\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u5404\u81ea\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8111\u88c2\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u7528 3PC\u3002<\/p>\n

    9. TCC \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f\u7a7a\u56de\u6eda\u4e0e\u60ac\u6302\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    Try \u9884\u7559\u8d44\u6e90\u3001Confirm \u786e\u8ba4\u3001Cancel \u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7a7a\u56de\u6eda\uff1aCancel \u5148\u4e8e Try \u5230\u8fbe\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1 ID \u67e5\u65e0 Try \u8bb0\u5f55\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u843d\u300c\u56de\u6eda\u6807\u8bb0\u300d\uff09\uff1b\u60ac\u6302\uff1aTry \u5728 Cancel \u4e4b\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\uff08\u770b\u5230\u56de\u6eda\u6807\u8bb0\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f TCC \u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8003\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

    10. SAGA \u4e0e TCC \u7684\u53d6\u820d\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    SAGA \u662f\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\u62c6\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1 + \u9006\u5e8f\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9501\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u541e\u5410\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u6001\u53ef\u89c1\uff09\uff1bTCC \u9694\u79bb\u6027\u597d\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u90fd\u8981\u5199\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u5f20\u9009 TCC\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u957f\u3001\u541e\u5410\u4f18\u5148\u9009 SAGA\u3002<\/p>\n

    11. \u672c\u5730\u6d88\u606f\u8868\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u524d\u63d0\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u843d\u5e93\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u6295\u9012 + \u5bf9\u8d26\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u6d88\u8d39\u65b9\u5e42\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u300c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u300d\u964d\u7ef4\u6210\u300c\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1 + \u53ef\u9760\u6295\u9012\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

    12. \u4e8b\u52a1\u6d88\u606f\uff08RocketMQ \u7c7b\uff09\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6d88\u606f\u8868\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u534a\u6d88\u606f\u673a\u5236\u7531 MQ \u627f\u62c5\u91cd\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u67e5\uff0c\u7701\u6389\u672c\u5730\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u5f3a\u7ed1\u7279\u5b9a MQ\uff1b\u672c\u5730\u6d88\u606f\u8868\u901a\u7528\u4f46\u591a\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u4e0e\u626b\u63cf\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u52a0\u5206\u70b9\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u300c\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u67e5\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u5e42\u7b49\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

    13. \u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u901a\u77e5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65f6\u6548\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u573a\u666f\uff08\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u77e5\u5546\u6237\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u8870\u51cf\u95f4\u9694\u91cd\u8bd5 N \u6b21 + \u63d0\u4f9b\u67e5\u8be2\u5bf9\u8d26\u63a5\u53e3\u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

    14. \u7ed9\u300c\u4e0b\u5355\u6263\u5e93\u5b58\u300d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u7b54\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u5148\u95ee\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u5356\uff1f\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\u5356\uff1f\u94fe\u8def\u591a\u957f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u9009\u578b\uff1a\u5e93\u5b58\u5f3a\u5185\u805a\u7528 DB \u4e50\u89c2\u9501\/\u539f\u5b50\u6263\u51cf\uff1b\u8de8\u670d\u52a1\u7528\u300c\u672c\u5730\u6d88\u606f\u8868 + \u8865\u507f\u300d\uff1b\u79d2\u6740\u573a\u666f\u7528\u300cRedis \u9884\u6263 + \u5f02\u6b65\u843d\u5e93 + \u5bf9\u8d26\u300d\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u300c\u5148\u95ee\u7ea6\u675f\u518d\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5e42\u7b49\u4e0e\u9501\uff087 \u95ee\uff09<\/h2>\n

    15. \u5e42\u7b49\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\/\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u6700\u786c\uff09\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u8fc1\u79fb\uff09\u3001token \u673a\u5236\uff08\u5148\u53d6 token \u518d\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002\u7b54\u51fa\u300c\u6309\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u952e\u515c\u5e95\u300d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

    16. \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    Redis\uff08SET NX PX + \u552f\u4e00\u503c + Lua \u91ca\u653e\uff09\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5207\u6362\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u9501\uff1bRedLock\uff1a\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u4e89\u8bae\u8f83\u5927\uff1bZooKeeper\/ETCD\uff08\u4e34\u65f6\u987a\u5e8f\u8282\u70b9 + watch\uff09\uff1a\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u4f46\u541e\u5410\u4f4e\u3002\u89c2\u70b9\u9898\uff1a\u591a\u6570\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528 Redis \u9501 + \u515c\u5e95\u5bf9\u8d26\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u7ea7\u7528 ETCD\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

    17. Redis \u9501\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5e26\u552f\u4e00\u503c\u5e76\u7528 Lua \u91ca\u653e\uff1f<\/h3>\n

    \u9632\u6b62\u91ca\u653e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u9501\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9501\u5df2\u8fc7\u671f\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u6301\u6709\uff09\u3002Lua \u4fdd\u8bc1\u300c\u5224\u65ad + \u5220\u9664\u300d\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u52a0\u5206\u70b9\uff1a\u7eed\u671f\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\u89e3\u51b3\u300c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6ca1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u9501\u5148\u8fc7\u671f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

    18. \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e DB \u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b56\u7565\uff1f<\/h3>\n

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    \n
    \u6807\u7b7e<\/div>\n

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